前沿研究 Frontier

美国对老挝、印尼、印度光伏产品的“双反”调查来袭,企业如何应对?

US Anti-Dumping/Countervailing Duty Investigation on Laos, Indonesia, and India Solar Products: How Should Enterprises Respond?

预计阅读 36 分钟 36 MIN READ

一、 事 件 背 景

了!

相关信息显示,

2025

7

16

日,美国太阳能制造与贸易联盟(

“AASMT”

)向美国商务部提交了针对进口自印尼、老挝和印度的光伏产品的反倾销、反补贴

“双反”

“本次调查申请”


笔者注意到,

在光伏产品领域开展双反相关的

2024

4

24

日,

AASMT

就曾申请对越南、柬埔寨、泰国及马来西亚光伏组件进行

调查,

企业被征收高额关税,

导致原产于该等国家的光伏组件出口

贸易成本大幅上升,

面临较为严重的供应链风险


的背景是,

AASMT

美国的高额关税,把产能转移到了印尼、老挝等尚未被美国列入


此后,

印度公司见此也纷纷效仿

中国企业。

AASMT

这种转移产能的行为绕过了美国的贸易救济措施,对美国本土光伏制造业造成了不利影响,


二、本次调查申请的关键信息

(一) 本次 调查 申请针对的 国家

根据相关信息显示,本次调查申请针对的国家有三个:印尼、老挝和印度。其中,印尼、印度、老挝的倾销幅度被分别指控89.65%、213.96%、245.79%-249.09%。

AASMT认为,上述三个国家的光伏产业发展迅速,而且有不少中国企业的光伏企业在那里投资设厂。

本次请愿书申请调查的对象正是

在老挝、印尼和印度的光伏企业。

(二)** **本次调查申请所涉及的调查期间

调查项目

调查期

反倾销(案件号:印尼:A-560-847,印度:A-533-938,老挝:A-553-003

2024年7月到2025年6月


反补贴(案件号:印尼:C-560-848,印度:C-533-939,老挝:C-553-004)

2024年1月~12月


(三)** **本次调查申请所涉及的产品范围

根据相关信息显示,本次调查申请涉及的产品范围较为广泛,主要包括晶体硅光伏电池,以及由这些电池构成的组件、层压件和面板,无论这些产品是否被组装成了其他产品。不过,也有一些产品被排除在本次调查申请范围之外,比如薄膜光伏产品,还有一些小功率的离网光伏面板等。

具体涉案产品范围及相关描述可详见下表:

英文

中文

The merchandise   covered by these investigations is crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, and modules, laminates, and panels, consisting of crystalline silicon   photovoltaic cells, whether or not partially or fully assembled into other   products, including, but not limited to, modules, laminates, panels, and building integrated materials.

本调查所涉及的产品是晶体硅光伏电池,以及由晶体硅光伏电池构成的组件、层压件和面板,无论是否部分或完全组装成其他产品,包括但不限于组件、层压件、面板和建筑一体化材料。

These investigations cover crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells of thickness equal to or greater than 20 micrometers, having a p/n junction formed by any means, whether or   not the cell has undergone other processing, including, but not limited to,   cleaning, etching, coating, and/or addition of materials (including, but not   limited to, metallization and conductor patterns) to collect and forward the   electricity that is generated by the cell.

本调查涵盖厚度等于或大于20微米的晶体硅光伏电池,具有通过任何方式形成的p/n结,无论该电池是否经过其他加工,包括但不限于清洗、蚀刻、涂层和/或添加材料(包括但不限于金属化和导体图案)以收集和传导电池产生的电力。

Merchandise under   consideration may be described at the time of importation as parts for final   finished products that are assembled after importation, including, but not   limited to, modules, laminates, panels, building-integrated modules,   building-integrated panels, or other finished goods kits. Such parts that   otherwise meet the definition of merchandise under consideration are included   in the scope of the investigations.

涉案产品在进口时可能被描述为进口后组装的最终成品的零部件,包括但不限于组件、层压件、面板、建筑一体化组件、建筑一体化面板或其他成品套件。符合涉案产品定义的此类零部件均包含在调查范围内。

Excluded from the   scope of the investigations are thin film photovoltaic products produced from   amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), or copper indium gallium   selenide (CIGS).

调查范围不包括由非晶硅(a-Si)、碲化镉(CdTe)或铜铟镓硒(CIGS)生产的薄膜光伏产品。

Also excluded from   the scope of the investigations are crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells,   not exceeding 10,000 mm² in surface area, that are permanently integrated   into a consumer good whose function is other than power generation and that   consumes the electricity generated by the integrated crystalline silicon   photovoltaic cell. Where more than one cell is permanently integrated into a   consumer good, the surface area for purposes of this exclusion shall be the   total combined surface area of all cells that are integrated into the   consumer good.

调查范围还排除表面积不超过10,000平方毫米的晶体硅光伏电池,这些电池永久集成在消费品中,且该消费品的功能不是发电,而是消耗该集成晶体硅光伏电池所产生的电力。当多个电池永久集成在一个消费品中时,就本排除条款而言,表面积应为集成在该消费品中的所有电池的总合计表面积。

Additionally,   excluded from the scope of the investigations are panels with surface area   from 3,450 mm² to 33,782 mm² with one black wire and one red wire (each of   type 22 AWG or 24 AWG not more than 206 mm in length when measured from panel   extrusion), and not exceeding 2.9 volts, 1.1 amps, and 3.19 watts. For the   purposes of this exclusion, no panel shall contain an internal battery or   external computer peripheral ports.

此外,调查范围还排除表面积在3,450平方毫米至33,782平方毫米之间的面板,这些面板带有一根黑线和一根红线(均为22 AWG或24 AWG型号,从面板挤出处测量长度不超过206毫米),且不超过2.9伏特、1.1安培和3.19瓦特。就本排除条款而言,任何面板都不得包含内置电池或外部计算机外设端口。

Also excluded from   the scope of the investigations are: 1. Off grid CSPV panels in rigid form   with a glass cover, with the following characteristics: (A) a total power   output of 100 watts or less per panel; (B) a maximum surface area of 8,000   cm² per panel; (C) do not include a built-in inverter; (D) must include a   permanently connected wire that terminates in either an 8 mm male barrel   connector, or a two-port rectangular connector with two pins in square   housings of different colors; (E) must include visible parallel grid   collector metallic wire lines every 1-4 millimeters across each solar cell;   and (F) must be in individual retail packaging (for purposes of this   provision, retail packaging typically includes graphics, the product name,   its description and/or features, and foam for transport)

调查范围还排除以下产品:1. 具有玻璃盖板的刚性离网晶体硅光伏面板,具有以下特征:(A) 每块面板的总功率输出不超过100瓦;(B) 每块面板的最大表面积为8,000平方厘米;(C) 不包含内置逆变器;(D) 必须包含永久连接的导线,该导线端接为8毫米公制桶型连接器,或带有不同颜色方形外壳的双针矩形连接器;(E) 必须在每个太阳能电池上每隔1-4毫米可见平行栅线金属导线;以及(F) 必须采用独立零售包装(就本条款而言,零售包装通常包括图案、产品名称、产品描述和/或特征,以及用于运输的泡沫)

2. Off grid CSPV   panels without a glass cover, with the following characteristics: (A) a total   power output of 100 watts or less per panel; (B) a maximum surface area of   8,000 cm² per panel; (C) do not include a built-in inverter; (D) must include   visible parallel grid collector metallic wire lines every 1-4 millimeters   across each solar cell; and (E) each panel is 1. permanently integrated into   a consumer good; 2. encased in a laminated material without stitching, or 3.   has all of the following characteristics: (i) the panel is encased in sewn   fabric with visible stitching, (ii) includes a mesh zippered storage pocket,   and (iii) includes a permanently attached wire that terminates in a female   USB-A connector.

2. 不带玻璃盖板的离网晶体硅光伏面板,具有以下特征:(A) 每块面板的总功率输出不超过100瓦;(B) 每块面板的最大表面积为8,000平方厘米;(C) 不包含内置逆变器;(D) 必须在每个太阳能电池上每隔1-4毫米可见平行栅线金属导线;以及(E) 每块面板需满足以下条件之一:1. 永久集成在消费品中;2. 封装在无缝合的层压材料中,或3. 具有以下所有特征:(i) 面板封装在有可见缝线的缝制面料中,(ii)   包括网眼拉链储物袋,以及(iii) 包括永久连接的以母式USB-A连接器端接的导线。

In addition, the   following CSPV panels are excluded from the scope of the investigations:   off-grid CSPV panels in rigid form with a glass cover, with each of the   following physical characteristics, whether or not assembled into a fully   completed off-grid hydropanel whose function is conversion of water vapor   into liquid water: (A) a total power output of no more than 80 watts per   panel; (B) a surface area of less than 5,000 square centimeters (cm²) per   panel; (C) do not include a built-in inverter; (D) do not have a frame around   the edges of the panel; (E) include a clear glass back panel; and (F) must   include a permanently connected wire that terminates in a two-port   rectangular connector.

此外,以下晶体硅光伏面板也被排除在调查范围之外:具有玻璃盖板的刚性离网晶体硅光伏面板,具有以下物理特征,无论是否组装成功能为将水蒸气转化为液态水的完整离网水汽发电面板:(A) 每块面板的总功率输出不超过80瓦;(B) 每块面板的表面积小于5,000平方厘米;(C) 不包含内置逆变器;(D)   面板边缘无框架;(E) 包括透明玻璃背板;以及(F)   必须包含永久连接的以双端口矩形连接器端接的导线。

Modules, laminates,   and panels produced in a third country from cells produced in the PRC are   covered by these investigations; however, modules, laminates, and panels   produced in the PRC from cells produced in a third country are not covered by   these investigations.

使用中国生产的电池在第三国生产的组件、层压件和面板属于本调查范围;但是,使用第三国生产的电池在中国生产的组件、层压件和面板不属于本调查范围。

The merchandise   covered by these investigations is currently classified in the Harmonized   Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) under statistical reporting   numbers 8501.71.0000, 8501.72.1000, 8501.72.2000, 8501.72.3000, 8501.72.9000,   8507.80.8100, 8507.80.8500, 8541.42.0010, 8541.42.0020, 8541.43.0010,   8541.43.0020, 8541.49.0010, and 8541.49.0020.

本调查所涉及的产品目前在美国协调关税表(HTSUS)中归类于统计申报编号8501.71.0000、8501.72.1000、8501.72.2000、8501.72.3000、8501.72.9000、8507.80.8100、8507.80.8500、8541.42.0010、8541.42.0020、8541.43.0010、8541.43.0020、8541.49.0010和8541.49.0020项下。

These HTSUS   statistical reporting numbers are provided for convenience and customs   purposes. The written description of the scope of the investigations is   dispositive.

这些HTSUS统计申报编号仅为方便和海关目的而提供。调查范围以书面描述为准。

For purposes of   these investigations, subject merchandise also includes merchandise that is   altered in a third country prior to importation into the United States, where   such alteration does not substantially transform the merchandise under U.S.   Customs and Border Protection (CBP) precedent.

就本调查而言,涉案产品还包括在进口到美国之前在第三国进行改装的产品,只要该改装根据美国海关和边境保护局(CBP)先例不构成实质性转变。

For purposes of   these investigations, a module is a joined group of cells, connected in   series, parallel, or series and parallel combination, which has been   laminated or otherwise permanently fastened together and includes a permanent   frame, junction box, and positive and negative wire or lead terminals.

就本调查而言,组件是指通过串联、并联或串并联组合连接在一起的电池组,这些电池组已经过层压或以其他方式永久固定在一起,并包括永久框架、接线盒以及正负极导线或引线端子。

根据笔者通过公开信息所做的不完全统计,仅我国境内A股上市公司中从事上述相关光伏组件(或其上下游)制造的上市公司,就有不低于30家,截止2025年4月30日,前述相关上市公司的市值不少于1万元亿人民币。根据相关信息显示,中国光伏组件约占全球相关市场的分额约为80%。可以说,光伏组件产品的出口问题,不仅对相关企业而言“生死攸关”,更是对我国经济、能源战略都有着重大的影响。

(四)申请人指控的补贴项目

在本次申请调查中,AASMT指控印尼、老挝和印度的光伏企业享受了多种政府补贴,这些补贴被认为违反了公平贸易原则,对美国本土光伏产业造成了损害。具体来说,这些补贴项目包括税收优惠、土地使用优惠、电力供应优惠、金融支持以及原材料供应优惠等多个方面。这些补贴

帮助相关企业以低于成本的价格销售产品,从而在美国市场上形成了不公平的竞争优势。具体针对印尼、老挝和印度指控的补贴项目如下:

1 申请人主张的印尼补贴项目

英文

中文

Industrial Estate Subsidies

工业园区补贴

Export Financing from the Indonesia Export-Import Bank

印尼进出口银行出口融资

Exemption from Import Income Tax Withholding

进口所得税预扣税豁免

Import Duty Exemption on Imported Capital Goods, Machinery, and Equipment

进口资本货物、机械和设备的进口关税豁免

Corporate Income Tax Holiday for Pioneer Industries

先锋产业企业所得税减免

Article 31E Income Tax Deduction

第31E条所得税减免

Import Duty Exemptions for Exporters

出口商进口关税豁免

VAT Exemptions for Exporters

出口商增值税豁免

Luxury-Good Sales Tax Exemptions for Exporters

出口商奢侈品销售税豁免

Electricity for LTAR

低于充分报酬的电力供应

Tax Deductions for Listed Investments

上市投资税收减免

Accelerated Depreciation and Amortization for Listed Investments

上市投资加速折旧和摊销

Reduced Tax Rates on Dividends for Listed Investments

上市投资股息优惠税率

Loss Compensation for Listed Investments

上市投资亏损补偿

VAT Exemptions for Capital Goods and Equipment Used to Produce Exports in   Bonded Zones

保税区出口生产用资本货物和设备的增值税豁免

The Provision of Polysilicon for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的多晶硅供应

The Provision of Silicon Wafers for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的硅片供应

The Provision of Silver Paste for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的银浆供应

The Provision of Solar Glass for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的太阳能玻璃供应

The Provision of Aluminum Solar Frames for Less Than Adequate   Remuneration

低于充分报酬的铝制太阳能边框供应

The Provision of Junction Boxes for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的接线盒供应

The GOC's Supply Chain Financing for Accounts Payable

中国政府应付账款供应链融资

2 申请人主张的老挝补贴项目

英文

中文

Income Tax Exemptions for Specified Zones

特定区域所得税豁免

Income Tax Exemptions for Re-Investment or Expansion

再投资或扩张所得税豁免

Import Duty and Value Added Tax Exemptions

进口关税和增值税豁免

Provision of Land Use Rights for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的土地使用权供应

Provision of Land Rental Fee Exemptions

土地租赁费用豁免

Customs Duty and VAT Exemptions in the Saysettha Development Zone

塞塞塔开发区关税和增值税豁免

Income Tax Exemptions in the Saysettha Development Zone

塞塞塔开发区所得税豁免

Provision of Land for LTAR in the Saysettha Development Zone

塞塞塔开发区低于充分报酬的土地供应

Land Rental Fee Exemptions for LTAR in the Saysettha Development Zone

塞塞塔开发区土地租赁费用豁免

Saysettha Development Zone VAT Reduction for Water Supply

塞塞塔开发区供水增值税减免

Provision of VAT Reductions for Electricity Supply in Saysettha   Development Zone

塞塞塔开发区供电增值税减免

The Provision of Polysilicon for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的多晶硅供应

The Provision of Silicon Wafers for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的硅片供应

The Provision of Silver Paste for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的银浆供应

The Provision of Solar Glass for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的太阳能玻璃供应

The Provision of Aluminum Solar Frames for Less Than Adequate   Remuneration

低于充分报酬的铝制太阳能边框供应

The Provision of Junction Boxes for Less Than Adequate Remuneration

低于充分报酬的接线盒供应

The GOC's Supply Chain Financing for Accounts Payable

中国政府应付账款供应链融资

Preferential Lending

优惠贷款

3 申请人主张的印度补贴项目

英文

中文

Advance Authorization Program

预先授权计划

Duty Drawback (DDB) Scheme

退税计划

Duty Free Import Authorization (DFIA) Scheme

免税进口授权计划

Merchandise Export Incentive Scheme (MEIS)

商品出口激励计划

Remission of Duties and Taxes on Export Products Scheme (RODTEP)

出口产品关税和税收减免计划

Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme (EPCG)

出口促进资本货物计划

Exemption from Payment of Central Excise Duty for Export Oriented Units

出口导向企业中央消费税豁免

Market Access Initiative

市场准入计划

Interest Equalization Scheme on Pre- and Post-Shipment Export Credit

出口信贷利息平衡计划

Market Development Assistance Scheme

市场开发援助计划

Status Holder Incentive Scrip

资格持有人激励凭证

Section 32 Capital Investment Income Tax Deduction

第32条资本投资所得税减免

Income Tax Reductions for Research and Development Expenses

研发费用所得税减免

Scheme for Development/Strengthening of Agricultural Marketing,   Infrastructure, Grading, and Standardization

农业市场、基础设施、分级和标准化发展/加强计划

Investment Subsidy

投资补贴

State Goods and Service Tax (SGST) Reimbursement

邦商品和服务税退税

Employment Enhancer Incentive

促进就业激励

Waiver of Stamp Duty & Registration Charges

印花税和注册费豁免

Incentives for Sustainability and Responsible Industrialization

可持续和负责任工业化激励

Quality Certification Incentive

质量认证激励

Exemption from Stamp Duty

印花税豁免

Investment Subsidy for Anchor Industries

龙头产业投资补贴

Investment Promotion Subsidy Based on Turnover

基于营业额的投资促进补贴

三、美国商务部的调查程序和时间安排

(一)反倾销、反补贴调查程序

美国商务部会在立案后向被调查国的生产商发放问卷,而在美国商务部的实践操作中,若调查对象过多,通常会选出口量最大的前几家企业作为强制应诉方。此外,除了强制应诉方外,在调查期间有涉案产品出口的企业也享有应诉资格。对于拒不应诉的企业,以及调查期间没有出口的企业(即没有应诉资格的企业),就会被适用全国统一税率,该税

等于最高惩罚性税率。

调查过程中,美国商务部还会进行实地核查,核实企业提供的数据是否真实。如果

初裁后认定存在倾销行为,进口商需要缴纳保证金;如果最终裁定存在倾销行为,进口商就需要按照最终税率补缴保证金。

反补贴调查的程序也差不多,立案后会发放问卷,选取出口量最大的企业作为强制应诉方。如果初裁认定存在补贴行为,进口商同样需要缴纳保证金。若最终裁定为肯定性裁定,案件就会进入美国国际贸易委员会(以下简称“ITC”)的产业损害裁定阶段,进口商需按最终裁定的补贴税率补缴保证金。

(二)时间安排

整个调查过程比较漫长,反倾销、反补贴调查从立案到最终裁定可能需要一年多的时间。具体的时间节点可以参考下图,实际时间安排以官方公布的为准,大家可以参考以下两张图:

(** 1 **反倾销调查预计时间安排

日期

反倾销程序

2025年7月17日

申请

2025年8月6日

美国商务部立案

2025年8月13日

美国商务部立案正式公告

2025年8月31日

ITC初裁

2025年8月27日

抽样企业确定(预计)

2025年8月27日

单独/平均税率申请截止

2025年12月24日

美国商务部140天初裁(通常延期至190天初裁)

2026年2月12日

美国商务部190天初裁

2026年2月19日

美国商务部190天初裁公告(预计)

2026年4月28日

美国商务部75天终裁(通常延期至135天终裁)

2026年7月4日

美国商务部135天终裁,除非假日不可延长

2026年7月11日

美国商务部 135天终裁公告(预计)

2026年8月18日

初裁措施到期

2026年8月18日

ITC终裁

2026年8月25日

ITC终裁公告(预计,终裁措施执行)

(2)反补贴调查预计时间安排

日期

补贴程序

2025年7月17日

申请

2025年8月6日

美国商务部立案

2025年8月13日

美国商务部立案正式公告

2025年8月31日

ITC初裁

2025年8月27日

抽样企业确定(预计)

2025年10月10日

美国商务部65天初裁(通常延期至130天初裁)

2025年12月14日

美国商务部130天初裁

2025年12月21日

美国商务部130天初裁公告(预计)

2026年2月27日

美国商务部75天终裁(通常与倾销调查合并)

2026年4月20日

初裁措施到期

2026年4月28日

与倾销75天终裁合并(通常延至135天终裁)

2026年7月4日

与倾销135天终裁合并

2026年7月11日

美国商务部 135天终裁公告(预计)

2026年8月18日

ITC终裁

2026年8月25日

ITC终裁公告(预计,终裁措施执行)

四、****中国企业该如何应对即将到来的“风暴”?

(一)积极参与应诉

基于本次调查申请而即将到来的“双反”调查,将对中国光伏组件制造商影响很大,尤其是那些在印尼、老挝和印度有投资、建厂,且在调查期有被调查产品出口至美国的企业。如果相关企业不积极应诉,就可能因进口商被征收高额关税,进口商从而放弃继续从出口商购买涉案产品,导致企业失去美国市场。因此笔者建议,在相关国家存在产能部署的中国光伏组件制造商们,一定要从现在开始就重视起来,积极应对即将到来的“风暴”,建议企业法务团队和外部律师团队应当开始着手准备应对方案、计划和相关材料,在律师的建议下配合即将到来的“双反”调查。

(二)提前做好合规布局

面对美国持续的反倾销、反补贴“围猎追杀”,中国光伏组件制造商要增强跨境合规经营意识,梳理好反倾销、反补贴调查、原产地规则等,将合规要求嵌入采购、生产、出口各环节。强化贸易摩擦预警意识,动态跟踪法规变化,监控美国商务部及ITC的立案公告、税率调整及判例更新,重点关注针对中国行业的“双反”动向(如新能源、钢铁等高频目标行业)。在投资布局、成本核算、文件留存等方面都要做好充分准备,以应对潜在风险。

(三)寻求专业法律支持

应对这种复杂且反应窗口期较短的国际贸易调查,企业最好寻求专业的法律支持,委托专业律师协助快速分析调查期是否出口涉案产品,并在符合条件的情况下积极参与应诉。对此,隆安专业律师团队,可以为中国相关企业提供从案件评估、问卷答复到后续一系列调查程序(包括反倾销原审调查、行政复审、期间复审、新出口商复审、日落复审、过渡性复审等)的全流程法律服务,帮助企业降低风险。

五、结语

本次调查申请以及即将到来的美国这次对印尼、老挝和印度光伏产品发起的“双反”调查,对中国光伏组件制造商来说是一个巨大的挑战。面对美国“双反”围堵,中国光伏组件制造商需“防、避、抗”三管齐下:通过形成合规意识筑牢防火墙,必要时进行供应链重构跳出打击范围,在面临调查时积极通过法律手段维护合法权益。相信只要企业积极应对,提前做好准备,将风险意识转化为常态化管理,就可以在复杂的国际贸易环境中稳健生存。

(注:本文所述内容仅供参考,不构成法律建议。相关程序的最终结果应以官方公告为准。)

注释:

[1]
:《中国光伏组件出口潜力足》,

2025

2

24

日的报道,

https://www.toutiao.com/article/7474780674281570842/?upstream_biz=doubao&source=m_redirect

[2]19 U.S. Code § 1677f-1

I. Event Background

On July 16, 2025, the American Alliance for Solar Manufacturing and Trade (AASMT) submitted AD/CVD petitions against imports of solar products from Indonesia, Laos, and India to the US Department of Commerce.

The author notes this is the second time AASMT has filed such petitions in the solar sector. On April 24, 2024, AASMT petitioned for AD/CVD investigations on Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia solar modules, resulting in high tariffs on products from those countries and significantly increased trade costs for Chinese enterprises, which relocated production to Indonesia, Laos and other countries not yet targeted by US “double anti” investigations.

Background: Chinese enterprises relocated to Southeast Asia to avoid US tariffs, followed by Indian companies following suit. AASMT views this capacity transfer as bypassing US trade remedy measures, causing harm to US domestic solar manufacturing, prompting these petitions.

II. Key Petition Information

A. Countries Targeted

Indonesia, Laos, and India. Alleged dumping margins: Indonesia 89.65%, India 213.96%, Laos 245.79%-249.09%.

B. Investigation Period

  • Anti-dumping (Case numbers: Indonesia A-560-847, India A-533-938, Laos A-553-003): July 2024 - June 2025
  • Countervailing (Case numbers: Indonesia C-560-848, India C-533-939, Laos C-553-004): January - December 2024

C. Product Scope

Covered merchandise includes crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells, and modules, laminates, and panels consisting of crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells. Exclusions include thin film photovoltaic products and small off-grid panels.

14759ec7b4561ff505ac9e1921796731

III. US DOC Investigation Procedures and Timeline

A. Procedures

  • DOC issues questionnaires to exporters/producers
  • Largest exporters selected as mandatory respondents
  • Preliminary determination typically 140-190 days after filing
  • Final determination 75-135 days after preliminary
  • ITC injury investigation runs parallel

B. Timeline

Anti-dumping investigation expected timeline:

  • Case filing: July 17, 2025
  • DOC initiation: August 6, 2025
  • ITC preliminary: August 31, 2025
  • DOC preliminary (190 days): February 12, 2026
  • DOC final (135 days): July 4, 2026
  • ITC final: August 18, 2026

IV. How Should Chinese Enterprises Respond?

A. Actively Participate in Proceedings

Chinese solar module manufacturers with production capacity in Indonesia, Laos, and India must actively respond. If not participating, importers may face high tariffs and abandon purchasing, causing loss of US market.

B. Conduct Advance Compliance Layout

Enhance cross-border compliance awareness, embed AD/CVD compliance requirements into procurement, production, and export processes. Strengthen trade friction early warning, dynamically track regulation changes.

C. Seek Professional Legal Support

Engage professional lawyers for comprehensive legal services including case evaluation, questionnaire response, and subsequent procedures like administrative reviews, sunset reviews, and new exporter reviews.

V. Conclusion

The upcoming US double anti investigation on Indonesian, Lao, and Indian solar products presents enormous challenges for Chinese solar module manufacturers. Facing US “encirclement and suppression,” Chinese manufacturers need to take multi-pronged approaches: build firewalls through compliance awareness, restructure supply chains when necessary, and actively use legal means to protect legitimate rights when investigations occur.

As long as enterprises actively respond, prepare in advance, and convert risk awareness into normalized management, they can survive and thrive in the complex international trade environment.