LEGAL RESEARCH
Global AI Legislation & Regulatory Frameworks
Tracking artificial intelligence legislation, regulatory rules, and governance frameworks across major global jurisdictions, with structured analysis of scope, mandates, and compliance timelines.
Regulatory Library
Global AI Regulatory Frameworks & Statutes
Covering enacted statutes, legislative drafts, and regulatory guidance from key economies and international bodies, supporting cross-border compliance and regulatory alignment.
52 documentsShowing all regulatory documents
China: SPC Opinions on AI Disputes
Issued as Fa Fa [2026] No. 10, these judicial policy opinions contain 24 provisions in five parts covering AI-related torts, intellectual property, technology contracts, evidence and adjudication mechanisms. The text specifies no separate commencement date. This English overview is an editorial summary; the linked on-site text is the official Chinese original.
- Status
- Published
- Published / updated
- 7 September 2026
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China: AI Safety Governance Framework
The framework supports graded risk identification and treatment across models, data, systems, networks, ethics and applications for AI development, deployment and use.
- Status
- Current governance framework
- Published / updated
- 15 September 2025
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China: AI Content Labelling Measures
Providers, content distribution platforms and application stores must apply, verify and preserve explicit and implicit labels for AI-generated or synthetic content.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 September 2025
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China: Science and Technology Ethics Review Measures
Organisations conducting life-science, medical or AI research must establish ethics review arrangements and review projects that raise sensitive ethical issues.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 December 2023
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China: Interim Generative AI Measures
The measures govern generative AI services offered to the public in China and address training data, generated content, personal information, security and complaint handling.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 15 August 2023
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China: Deep Synthesis Provisions
The provisions regulate services that generate or edit text, images, audio, video and virtual scenes through deep learning, virtual reality and related techniques.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 10 January 2023
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China: Algorithmic Recommendation Provisions
The provisions govern generation, personalised recommendation, ranking, search filtering and scheduling algorithms used to provide internet information services in China.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 March 2022
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China: PIPL Automated Decision-Making Rules
Article 24 requires transparent, fair and impartial automated decision-making and creates safeguards for recommendation, marketing and decisions with a significant impact on individual rights.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 November 2021
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EU General-Purpose AI Code of Practice
The Code gives general-purpose AI model providers practical approaches to transparency, copyright and systemic-risk management under the EU AI Act.
- Status
- Voluntary compliance tool supporting statutory duties
- Published / updated
- 10 July 2025
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UK Automated Decision-Making Rules
The Act restructures UK data-protection rules for automated decisions, broadens some permitted uses and retains notice, challenge, human-intervention and special-category-data safeguards.
- Status
- Royal Assent received; relevant provisions are commencing in stages
- Published / updated
- 19 June 2025
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EU Product Liability Directive
The revised Directive brings software and AI systems within the product-liability framework and updates defect, responsible-party, evidence-disclosure and causation rules.
- Status
- In force; Member State transposition is under way
- Effective date
- 8 December 2024
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EU Artificial Intelligence Act
The AI Act uses a risk-based framework for prohibited practices, high-risk systems, general-purpose AI models and transparency duties, including rules that reach some providers outside the EU.
- Status
- In force with a phased application schedule
- Effective date
- 1 August 2024
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
UK AI Regulation White Paper
The United Kingdom uses cross-sector principles implemented by existing regulators, with a focus on safety, transparency, fairness, accountability and contestability.
- Status
- Policy framework under continuing development
- Published / updated
- 29 March 2023
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EU GDPR Automated Decision-Making Rules
The GDPR sets legal-basis, transparency and safeguard requirements for profiling and solely automated decisions that produce legal or similarly significant effects.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 25 May 2018
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Colorado AI Act
Colorado’s 2026 law governs automated decision technologies that materially influence consequential decisions and creates developer documentation, deployer notice, correction, human-review and recordkeeping duties.
- Status
- Enacted; applies from 2027
- Effective date
- 1 January 2027
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Texas Responsible AI Governance Act
Texas regulates certain government and healthcare AI disclosures, prohibited uses, regulatory-sandbox participation and enforcement, including some developers and deployers serving the state.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 January 2026
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US Intimate Deepfake Law
The Act criminalises defined publication of non-consensual intimate images, including digital forgeries, and requires covered platforms to operate a notice-and-removal process.
- Status
- In force; platform duties were phased in
- Effective date
- 19 May 2025
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US OMB AI Governance Memoranda
OMB memoranda M-25-21 and M-25-22 govern federal-agency AI use and procurement, including accountability, high-impact uses, risk practices and contract terms.
- Status
- Current directives for federal agencies
- Published / updated
- 3 April 2025
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America’s AI Action Plan
The executive order and action plan direct federal work on AI innovation, infrastructure and international engagement and require review of measures that conflict with the current policy.
- Status
- Current federal policy
- Published / updated
- 23 January 2025
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California Training Data Transparency Rules
Developers publicly offering generative AI systems or services in California must publish a high-level description of training data and update it after substantial modifications.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 January 2026
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California AI Transparency Act
The Act requires qualifying generative AI providers to offer a content-detection tool and apply manifest or latent provenance disclosures to generated content.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 January 2026
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Illinois AI Employment Rules
Illinois regulates employer use of AI in recruitment, hiring, promotion, training, discipline and termination, with a focus on protected-class discrimination and notice.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 January 2026
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Ontario AI Hiring Disclosure Rules
Ontario requires employers above the employee threshold to disclose AI used to screen, assess or select applicants in public job postings and to keep related records.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 January 2026
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NIST AI Risk Management Framework
The framework organises AI risk work around Govern, Map, Measure and Manage and can support product development, procurement, deployment and continuing monitoring.
- Status
- Voluntary framework; revision work is under way
- Published / updated
- 26 January 2023
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New York City Automated Hiring Tools Law
New York City requires bias audits, public summaries and candidate or employee notices before employers and employment agencies use automated employment decision tools for hiring or promotion.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 January 2023
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Quebec Automated Decision Rules
Quebec requires businesses making decisions based exclusively on automated processing to notify the individual and, on request, explain the information, reasons, principal factors and review route.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 22 September 2023
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Canada: Automated Decision-Making Directive
The Directive governs federal administrative decisions made fully or partly by automated systems and scales transparency, review and human-intervention requirements through an Algorithmic Impact Assessment.
- Status
- Currently applicable
- Published / updated
- 1 April 2019
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Singapore Agentic AI Governance Framework
The framework addresses AI agents that plan, call tools and perform tasks through use-case boundaries, meaningful human accountability, lifecycle controls and user transparency.
- Status
- Current guidance
- Published / updated
- 20 May 2026
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Japan: AI Guidelines for Business
The guidance supports risk-based governance for AI developers, providers and business users, with attention to transparency, fairness, safety and continuing improvement.
- Status
- Current guidance
- Published / updated
- 31 March 2026
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Vietnam AI Law
Vietnam’s standalone AI law creates risk classification, human-oversight, provider and deployer, synthetic-content and cross-border rules and gives existing systems a transition period.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 March 2026
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Australia: Guidance for AI Adoption
The guidance helps organisations assign accountability and establish proportionate risk, data, testing, transparency and monitoring controls when adopting AI.
- Status
- Current voluntary guidance
- Published / updated
- 21 October 2025
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Japan AI Act
Japan’s AI Act creates a national basic plan, an AI Strategic Headquarters and government inquiry powers and sets basic responsibilities for research bodies, businesses and the public.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 September 2025
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New Zealand Public Service AI Guidance
The guidance provides a common approach to generative AI assessment, approval, procurement, privacy, security, transparency and continuing oversight across the public service.
- Status
- Current public-sector guidance
- Published / updated
- February 2025
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Korea AI Basic Act
The Act establishes national AI governance and industrial support and creates transparency and safety duties for generative and high-impact AI.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 21 July 2026
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Malaysia AI Governance and Ethics Guidelines
Malaysia’s guidance uses seven responsible AI principles to support policymakers, developers, providers and users with governance, risk and ethics practices.
- Status
- Current voluntary guidance
- Published / updated
- 20 September 2024
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Hong Kong AI Data Protection Framework
The PCPD provides personal-data and governance recommendations for organisations procuring, customising, implementing and using AI systems.
- Status
- Current guidance
- Published / updated
- 11 June 2024
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Singapore: Generative AI Governance Framework
The framework addresses accountability, data, trusted development, incident reporting, testing, security and content provenance across the generative AI supply chain.
- Status
- Current guidance
- Published / updated
- 30 May 2024
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Singapore Personal Data and AI Guidelines
The PDPC explains how Singapore’s personal-data law applies when organisations develop, customise or deploy AI recommendation and decision systems.
- Status
- Current guidance
- Published / updated
- 1 March 2024
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Indonesia AI Ethics Circular
Indonesia’s communications authority sets ethical responsibilities, internal-policy expectations and risk controls for AI programming businesses and electronic-system operators.
- Status
- Current policy guidance
- Published / updated
- 19 December 2023
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
DIFC Autonomous Systems Data Protection Rules
DIFC Regulation 10 governs autonomous and semi-autonomous systems that process personal data and addresses deployer, operator, governance, certification and officer arrangements.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 1 September 2023
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Saudi AI Ethics Principles
SDAIA’s national reference helps public and private organisations address fairness, privacy, safety, transparency, accountability and societal value across the AI lifecycle.
- Status
- Current national guidance
- Published / updated
- 2023
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Brazil AI Bill
The Bill would create a risk-based AI framework covering rights, high-risk assessments, governance duties, generated content and regulatory enforcement.
- Status
- Under consideration in the Chamber of Deputies; not in force
- Published / updated
- 10 December 2024
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Peru AI Law and Regulation
Peru’s Law No. 31814 and its 2025 regulation create a human-centred, safe, transparent and risk-based framework for AI development and use.
- Status
- In force
- Effective date
- 6 July 2023
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Argentina Trustworthy AI Recommendations
Argentina’s recommendations guide the national public sector through problem definition, data, model development, testing, deployment, transparency, human oversight and accountability.
- Status
- Current public-sector recommendations
- Published / updated
- 2 June 2023
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Chile AI Bill
Chile’s consolidated bill would classify AI systems by risk and regulate prohibited uses, high-risk systems, transparency, governance and competent authorities.
- Status
- Under consideration in the Senate; not in force
- Published / updated
- 2023
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
South Africa Draft AI Policy
South Africa published a draft national AI policy covering governance, innovation, infrastructure, data, skills and public services. The responsible department withdrew the draft after confirming unreliable references, and this record now documents that policy process.
- Status
- Formally withdrawn in June 2026; not in force
- Published / updated
- 10 April 2026
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
African Union Continental AI Strategy
The continental strategy promotes development-oriented and inclusive AI governance, capacity, data foundations, innovation, investment and international cooperation.
- Status
- Regional strategy under Member State implementation
- Published / updated
- 9 August 2024
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
Council of Europe AI Framework Convention
The Convention creates a treaty framework for public- and private-sector AI activities and requires domestic measures addressing human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
- Status
- Open for signature; entry into force depends on ratification
- Published / updated
- 17 May 2024
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UN Resolution on Safe, Secure and Trustworthy AI
The Resolution promotes safe, secure and trustworthy AI for sustainable development and encourages digital inclusion, human-rights protection and international cooperation.
- Status
- Adopted General Assembly resolution
- Published / updated
- 21 March 2024
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
G7 Hiroshima AI Code of Conduct
The Code asks organisations developing advanced AI to take lifecycle action on risk identification, testing, incident reporting, security, content authentication, research and international standards.
- Status
- Voluntary international code
- Published / updated
- 30 October 2023
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
UNESCO AI Ethics Recommendation
The Recommendation gives Member States and AI actors a global ethics framework covering human rights, impact assessment, data governance, the environment, gender, education, labour and public governance.
- Status
- International recommendation under Member State implementation
- Published / updated
- 23 November 2021
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
OECD AI Principles
The principles provide a shared foundation for trustworthy AI through inclusive growth, human-centred values, transparency, safety and accountability.
- Status
- Current international principles
- Published / updated
- 22 May 2019
View regulatory analysis & official sources→
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REGULATORY GUIDANCE
Key Considerations for Global AI Regulatory Compliance
Official Text Verification
Directly referenced to official publications from legislatures, regulators, and international organisations.
Regulatory Status & Phases
Distinguishing fully effective rules, transition periods, legislative drafts, and phased enforcement milestones.
Jurisdictional Reach
Cross-border operations must assess extraterritorial reach based on user location, data transfers, or commercial presence.