CASE STUDIES
Global AI Case Repository
A curated repository of landmark judicial decisions and cutting-edge governance practices worldwide, analyzing judicial reasoning and compliance standards across technical scenarios.
Global Case Map
Judicial Precedents across Global Jurisdictions
Covering global AI judicial decisions and governance practices, searchable by jurisdiction, region, and core legal issues.
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Beijing AI Text-to-Image Case
Evaluating prompt design, parameter adjustments, and the generation process, the court held that the disputed image reflected the user's intellectual investment and personalized expression, determining copyrightability and ownership on this basis.
First-instance judgmentShanghai AI Face-Swapping Case
A mini-program provided paid generation services by replacing facial features in original videos. The court held that localized face-swapping did not constitute an original adaptation and that the platform's commercial use infringed the right of dissemination through information networks.
Effective first-instance judgmentGuangzhou Ultraman AI Image Case
The defendant connected to a third-party AI image service through an API. Users could generate images substantially similar to the protected Ultraman works. The court classified the defendant as a generative AI service provider and found infringement of the reproduction and adaptation rights.
First-instance judgmentUS Thaler Copyright Case
The applicant listed an artificial intelligence system as the sole author of a work. The court affirmed the refusal of registration, confirming that current United States copyright law requires human authorship.
Appellate judgment; U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorariUS Attorney Fictitious Citation Case
Attorneys submitted court filings containing fictitious judicial decisions and citations fabricated by generative artificial intelligence, and continued to provide inaccurate materials after being challenged. The court imposed sanctions accordingly.
Sanctions orderUK DABUS Patent Case
The applicant named the DABUS system as the inventor. The UK Supreme Court held under existing patent law that an inventor must be a natural person.
Final JudgmentUK Getty Images Case
Getty Images alleged that Stable Diffusion infringed intellectual property rights through its training, distribution, and outputs bearing Getty Images or iStock watermarks. Before the close of trial, Getty Images abandoned its training, output-copyright, and database-right claims. The court dismissed secondary copyright infringement and found only limited historical instances of trademark infringement.
First-Instance Judgment; partially under appealAir Canada Chatbot Case
An airline website chatbot provided inaccurate bereavement fare information. The tribunal held that the enterprise is responsible for information provided on its website.
Tribunal DecisionEU SCHUFA Scoring Case
A credit agency automatically generated credit scores for use by third parties such as banks. The Court of Justice of the European Union held that when a score plays a decisive role in a third party's decision, the scoring activity constitutes automated individual decision-making governed by Article 22 of the GDPR.
Final Interpretive JudgmentAustralia AI Character Reference Case
In sentencing proceedings, the court examined a character reference that appeared to have been generated or rewritten with a large language model. Because its preparation could not be established, the court gave it little weight and directed counsel to enquire whether character references were prepared with a large language model or automated translation.
Sentencing JudgmentBeijing AI Voice Case
Audio recordings were used to create an AI voice product capable of generating arbitrary text-to-speech voiceovers. The court held that voice rights protect AI-synthesized voices when the voice leads the public to associate it with a specific natural person.
Effective JudgmentU.S. ROSS Training Data Case
ROSS used training materials derived from Westlaw headnotes to develop a legal search tool. The district court found numerous headnotes protectable and rejected the fair use defense. The Third Circuit has accepted an interlocutory appeal.
Partial Summary Judgment; Appeal PendingU.S. Anthropic Book Training Case
The court distinguished model training and the digitization of purchased print books from downloads from pirated repositories before granting final approval to a $1.5 billion class action settlement. The ruling evaluated training activities separately from data acquisition methods.
Class Action Settlement Granted Final ApprovalU.S. Meta Book Training Case
Authors alleged that Meta used copyrighted books without authorization to train its Llama models. Based on the evidentiary record, the court granted summary judgment in favor of Meta against certain plaintiffs, emphasizing that market harm evidence remains central to outcomes in related cases.
Partial Summary Judgment Granted; Proceedings OngoingU.S. Workday Hiring Algorithm Case
Applicants allege that Workday's algorithmic screening tools caused discrimination based on race, age, sex, and disability. The court previously held that a technology vendor performing traditional recruitment functions may act as an employer's agent, and in 2026 confirmed that applicants may pursue disparate-impact claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act.
Motion to Dismiss Granted in Part and Denied in Part; Proceedings OngoingUS COMPAS Sentencing Case
Criminal sentencing materials incorporated a commercial COMPAS recidivism risk score. The court permitted limited consideration of the score, required clear warnings regarding the tool's limitations, and prohibited using the score to determine sentence severity or whether incarceration is warranted.
State Supreme Court DecisionUS Lovo Voice Cloning Case
Two voice actors alleged that their voice recordings were used without authorization to develop and commercialize AI voice clones. The court allowed claims for breach of contract, commercial misappropriation of personality under New York law, and consumer protection to proceed, while treating training-stage copies, underlying audio recordings, and synthetic outputs under separate legal frameworks.
Order on Motion to Dismiss in Part; Proceedings Stayed due to BankruptcyEU Automated Decision-Making Explanation Case
The Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that data subjects are entitled to an explanation sufficient to understand and challenge automated decisions. Such explanations must disclose the concrete procedures and principles applied and illustrate how changes in personal data influence the resulting outcome.
Preliminary RulingNetherlands SyRI Risk Profiling Case
The Dutch government integrated multi-agency public data to generate fraud risk profiles for social welfare recipients. The court held that the regulatory regime lacked sufficient transparency and auditability, failing to strike a fair balance in its interference with the right to private life.
First-Instance JudgmentNetherlands Ola Driver Data Access Case
Ride-hailing drivers sought access to platform data used for scoring, fraud detection, earning profiles, and wage deductions. The court distinguished between general profiling, dispatch algorithms, and automated deductions with significant effects, ordering the platform to disclose specific categories of underlying data.
First-Instance OrderUK Police Live Facial Recognition Case
South Wales Police deployed a live facial recognition system in public spaces. The Court of Appeal held that the criteria for watchlists and deployment locations lacked sufficient legal constraints, and identified deficiencies in the data protection impact assessment and compliance with the public sector equality duty.
Appellate JudgmentEwert v. Canada Risk Assessment Case
The Correctional Service of Canada assessed a Métis inmate using recidivism risk tools developed and validated on non-Indigenous populations. The Supreme Court held that the correctional authority failed to take reasonable steps to confirm the validity of the tools for Indigenous persons.
Supreme Court JudgmentJapan DABUS Patent Case
A patent application designated the DABUS artificial intelligence system as the inventor. The Intellectual Property High Court of Japan affirmed the rejection of the application, and the Supreme Court dismissed the final appeal in 2026, confirming that an inventor under current Japanese law must be a natural person.
Final and BindingSingapore Algorithmic Trading Contract Case
Cryptocurrency transactions were executed automatically by deterministic algorithms programmed by the parties at approximately 250 times the prevailing market price. The Court of Appeal held that valid contracts were formed by algorithmic execution and assessed unilateral mistake based on the programmer's state of mind at the time of coding.
Final JudgmentColombia Judicial Use of ChatGPT Case
A lower-court judge included ChatGPT responses in the reasoning of a judgment. The Constitutional Court found that the judge had independently decided the matter prior to querying the model, upholding the validity of the proceedings while establishing standards for judicial AI use including transparency, verification, privacy, and human control.
Constitutional Court JudgmentSouth Africa Hallucinated Citations and Attorney Liability Case
A legal team submitted appellate filings containing non-existent or inaccurate case citations. The court found that the team failed to conduct basic verification, ordered the law firm to pay the costs of additional hearings, and referred the judgment to the Legal Practice Council.
High Court JudgmentIndia ANI v. OpenAI Case
Indian news agency ANI alleged that OpenAI used its news content without authorization to train AI models, raising concerns over model outputs and false attribution. The High Court of Delhi concluded hearings on the interim injunction application, with the substantive decision pending.
Arguments Concluded on Interim Injunction Application; Judgment ReservedFrance Parcoursup Algorithm Case
Student unions requested universities to disclose local algorithms used to process applications on the Parcoursup platform. The French Council of State distinguished an individual applicant's right to an explanation from public access to source code, requiring universities to publish general evaluation criteria.
Council of State JudgmentSpain Glovo Couriers Case
Glovo organized delivery services through its platform, rating systems, automated order dispatch, and geolocation tracking. The Supreme Court of Spain held that an employment relationship existed between the courier and the platform, citing algorithmic management and the platform's control over essential assets.
Supreme Court JudgmentBrazil Metro Facial Recognition Case
São Paulo metro advertising displays captured passenger facial features to infer age, gender, and emotional reactions. The court ruled that such processing violated passenger personality rights and consumer rights, upholding an order to cease processing and increasing collective moral damages.
Appellate JudgmentBeijing AI Voice Endorsement Case
A book retailer used a public figure's image and a highly similar AI-synthesized voice in promotional videos. The court found infringements of portrait and voice rights and held that a merchant commissioning influencer promotion must review the promotional content.
Effective judgment; released as a typical case in September 2025Beijing AI Face-Swap Personal Information Case
A face-swap application turned videos featuring two online models into paid templates. The court distinguished portrait identifiability from the processing of facial and other personal information, finding unauthorized personal information processing.
Effective judgment; released as a typical case in September 2025Beijing AI Content Detection Case
A platform classified a user's post as unlabeled AI-generated content, hid it, and suspended the account for one day. The court required a reasonable and proportionate explanation of the detection basis and enforcement result.
Effective judgment; released as a typical case in September 2025Beijing AI Portrait Parody Case
A person used AI software to turn another group member's profile photograph into a sexually suggestive and degrading image and distributed it. The court found infringements of portrait and reputation rights.
Effective judgment; released as a typical case in September 2025Beijing Virtual Human Copyright Case
A former employee uploaded and sold two virtual human models on a model marketplace. The courts recognized the original visual designs as works of fine art, found the uploader liable, and held that the marketplace had fulfilled its reasonable duties.
Effective appellate judgment; released as a typical case in September 2025Beijing AI Companion Personality Case
A mobile application allowed users to create AI companions using a public figure's name, portrait, and persona, while the operator organized, recommended, and expanded those characters through algorithms. The court found infringement of the public figure's personality rights.
Effective judgment; released as a typical case in September 2025UK AI False Citation Review
The High Court jointly examined fabricated or inaccurate legal materials filed in two proceedings and set out the duties of solicitors and barristers regarding citation verification, supervision and candour to the court.
High Court judgmentU.S. Character.AI Product Liability Case
After a minor user's death, his parents brought claims concerning the design, safety controls, and outputs of an AI companion service. At the pleading stage, the court allowed multiple product liability, negligence, consumer protection, and related claims to proceed.
Motion to dismiss granted in part and denied in part; proceedings ongoingShenzhen AI-Assisted Adjudication System
Shenzhen courts have developed an AI-assisted adjudication system and a vertical model for judicial work. Public reports describe its use in assisting more than 600,000 cases and illustrate governance needs for judicial data, access permissions, accuracy, and human responsibility.
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Judicial summaries and practical analyses are prepared for professional research. Specific engagements should verify the latest official texts, appellate developments, and applicable statutory laws.